%**************************************************************************************************
%Reference:??J.?J.?Liang?A.?K.?Qin?P.?N.?Suganthan?and?S.?Baskar?“Comprehensive
%?????????????????????learning?particle?swarm?optimizer?for?global?optimization?of?multimodal
%?????????????????????functions“?IEEE?Trans.?Evolut.?Comput.?vol.?10?no.?3?pp.?281–295?2006.
%
%?Note:?We?obtained?the?MATLAB?source?code?from?the?authors?and?did?some
%???????????minor?revisions?in?order?to?solve?the?25?benchmark?test?functions
%???????????however?the?main?body?was?not?changed.
%**************************************************************************************************

clc;
clear?all
tic

‘CLPSO‘

format?long;
format?compact;

%?Choose?the?problems?to?be?tested.?Please?note?that?for?test?functions?F7
%?and?F25?the?global?optima?are?out?of?the?initialization?range.?For?these
%?two?test?functions?we?do?not?need?to?judge?whether?the?variable?violates
%?the?boundaries?during?the?evolution?after?the?initialization.
problemSet?=?1:15;
array_all_func?=?[];
outcome_all?=?[];
for?k?=?14
????%?Main?body?which?was?provided?by?the?authors
????F_index?=?problemSet（k）
????[xminxmaxn]?=?f_range（F_index）;
????maxFES?=?n*10000;
????me?=?maxFES/40;
????ps?=?40;
????%maxFES?=?n*10000;
????array_all=[];
????outcome?=?[];
????
????%?The?total?number?of?runs
????totalTime?=?25;

????for?time?=?1?:?totalTime
?????????
????????rand（‘state‘?sum（100?*?clock））;
????????
???????
????????t?=?0?:?1?/?（ps?-?1）?:?1;
????????t?=?5?.*?t;
????????Pc?=?0.0?+?（0.5?-?0.0）?.*?（exp（t）?-?exp（t（1）））?./?（exp（t（ps））?-?exp（t（1）））;
????????m?=?0?.*?ones（ps?1）;
????????iwt?=?0.9?-?（1?:?me）?*?（0.7?/?me）;
????????cc?=?[1.49445?1.49445];?%acceleration?constants
????????
????????lu?=?[ones（1n）*xmin;ones（1n）*xmax];
????????mv?=?0.2?*?（lu（2?:）?-?lu（1?:））;
????????VRmin?=?repmat（lu（1?:）?ps?1）;
????????VRmax?=?repmat（lu（2?:）?ps?1）;
????????Vmin?=?repmat（-mv?ps?1）;
????????Vmax?=?-Vmin;

????????pos?=?VRmin?+?（VRmax?-?VRmin）?.*?rand（ps?n）;
????????for?i?=?1:ps
????????????e（i:）?=?f（pos（i:）F_indexn）;
????????end;
????????%e?=?benchmark_func（pos?problem?o?A?M?a?alpha?b）;
????????
????????fitcount?=?ps;
????????vel?=?Vmin?+?2?.*?Vmax?.*?rand（ps?n）;?%initialize?the?velocity?of?the?particles

????????pbest?=?pos;
????????pbestval?=?e;??%initialize?the?pbest?and?the?pbest‘s?fitness?value
????????array?=?[min（pbestval）];

????????[gbestval?gbestid]?=?min（pbestval）;
????????gbest?=?pbest（gbestid?:）;?%initialize?the?gbest?and?the?gbest‘s?fitness?value
????????gbestrep?=?repmat（gbest?ps?1）;

????????stay_num?=?zeros（ps?1）;

????????ai?=?zeros（ps?n）;
????????f_pbest?=?1?:?ps;
????????f_pbest?=?repmat（f_pbest‘?1?n）;
????????for?k?=?1?:?ps
???????????
????????????ar?=?randperm（n）;
????????????ai（k?ar（1?:?m（k）））?=?1;
????????????fi1?=?ceil（ps?*?rand（1?n））;
????????????fi2?=?ceil（ps?*?