Going beyond the conventional mathematics of probability theory, this study views the subject in a wider context. It discusses new results, along with applications of probability theory to a variety of problems. The book contains many exercises and is suitable for use as a textbook on graduate-level courses involving data analysis. Aimed at readers already familiar with applied mathematics at an advanced undergraduate level or higher, it is of interest to scientists concerned with inference from incomplete information. 本書將概率和統計推斷融合在一起，用新的觀點生動地描述了概率論在物理學、數學、經濟學、化學和生物學等領域中的廣泛應用，尤其是它闡述了貝葉斯理論的豐富應用，彌補了其他概率和統計教材的不足。全書分為兩大部分。第一部分包括10章內容，講解抽樣理論、假設檢驗、參數估計等概率論的原理及其初等應用；第二部分包括12章內容，講解概率論的高級應用，如在物理測量、通信理論中的應用。本書還附有大量習題，內容全面，體例完整。 　　本書內容不局限于某一特定領域，適合涉及數據分析的各領域工作者閱讀，也可作為高年級本科生和研究生相關課程的教材。